This collection consists of early census and tax records from the Oregon provisional and territorial governments and early Oregon statehood. The materials in this collection were gathered from early, mostly pre-1958, Oregon Historical Society Research Library accessions of census and tax-related records. The early census and tax records document demographic and economic data for what are now portions of Oregon and California. Original census records include Elijah White's 1842 census; an 1849 census of males over the age of 21; Jackson County census rolls, circa 1854-1855 and 1858; a Washington County census, 1856; a Washington County tax roll, 1852; and an agricultural census for Clackamas County, 1870. Typescript and photostat reproductions of census records include Joseph Meek's Census of Oregon, 1845; Charles Wells’ Benton County census, 1854; the United States Census roll for Coos County, 1860; and a partial typescript of the 1880 United States Census for Wasco County. The collection also includes reports of the 1850 census for Butte and Calaveras counties in California.